ABSTRACT: Grape pomace is a by-product that can be ensiled and added to animal feed for a sustainable animal production. This study evaluated the effects of grape pomace silage (GPS) on the intake, performance, and carcass and meat quality of feedlot lambs. Twenty-four male lambs (21.5 ± 3.0 kg initial body weight) were distributed into pairs to four diets levels 0, 10, 20, and 30 % of GPS. The addition of grape pomace silage influenced only ether extract (EE) intake linearly without hindering consumption. The diet did not affect performance and meat quality attributes and carcass parameters, with average daily gain (ADG) of 0.235 kg d−1, feed conversion 4.299, carcass conformation 2.7, compactness index 0.25 kg cm−1, fat thickness 1.51 mm, loin eye area 13.9 cm2, pH 5.79, natural matter moisture 74.05 g 100 g−1, and crude protein (CP) 19.94 g per 100 g−1 of dry matter (DM). Grape pomace as could be used as silage in lamb diets with up to 30 % GPS, as the chemical composition of this by-product and the results indicate that GPS did not compromise performance, carcass traits, and meat quality.

Resumen Este estudio investigó la inclusión del ensilado de orujo de uva (EOU; 0, 10, 20 y 30 %), se evaluó en dietas de corderos, en la ingesta y digestibilidad de nutrientes, balance de nitrógeno y comportamiento ingestivo. Cuatro corderos de la raza Santa Inés con un peso de 21.93 ± 87 kg y aproximadamente siete meses de edad fueron alojados en jaulas metabólicas y distribuidos en un diseño cuadrado latino de 4x4. Los tratamientos consistieron en cuatro dietas con la inclusión de 0, 10, 20 y 30 % de EOU en las dietas. La ingesta de nutrientes se observó con un comportamiento lineal creciente para la ingesta de extracto etéreo (EE) (P<0.05) de acuerdo con el aumento de EE en las dietas, causado por el contenido de EE de las semillas en el EOU. Las dietas no difirieron en los coeficientes de digestibilidad de nutrientes y balance de nitrógeno (P>0.05), con una digestibilidad de materia seca (DMS) media de 678.6 ± 0.62 g kg-1 de MS y retención media de N de 239.78 g kg-1 de N ingerido. El comportamiento ingestivo de las dietas solo influyó (P<0.05) en el tiempo que los animales permanecieron inactivos de pie. Este parámetro mostró un comportamiento cuadrático con un punto máximo estimado en 17.73 % de EOU (P=0.041). En conclusión, se puede hacer uso de EOU hasta un nivel de inclusión del 30 % sin afectar negativamente a los parámetros evaluados.

Abstract This study investigated the inclusion of grape pomace silage (GPS; 0, 10, 20 and 30%) were evaluated in diets of lambs on nutrient intake and digestibility, nitrogen balance and ingestive behavior. Four lambs of the Santa Inês breed with weight of 21.93 ± 0.87 kg and approximately seven months old, were housed in metabolic cages and distributed in a 4x4 latin square design. The treatments consisted of four diets with the inclusion of 0, 10, 20 and 30% GPS in diets. The nutrient intake was observed an increasing linear behavior for ether extract (EE) intake (P<0.05) according to the increase of EE in the diets, caused by content of EE of seeds in GPS. The diets did not differ in the digestibility coefficients of nutrients and nitrogen balance (P>0.05), with average digestibility of dry matter digestibility (DDM) of 678.6 ± 0.62 g kg-1 DM and average retention of 239.78 g kg-1 N ingested of N. The ingestive behavior the diets were influenced (P<0.05) by only the length of time that the animals remained idle in standing. This parameter showed a quadratic behavior with a maximum point estimated at 17.73 % of GPS (P=0.041). In conclusion, the use of GPS can be used until inclusion level of 30 % without negatively affecting the parameters evaluated.

RESUMO. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar diferentes aditivos microbianos, no tocante a eficiência da estabilidade aeróbia em silagens de milho. O híbrido de milho utilizado para cultivo e posterior confecção das silagens foi o DKB 310. Os tratamentos impostos às silagens foram: 1) Tratamento Controle, sem nenhum aditivo microbiano. 2) Tratamento com LPPA composto por: Lactobacillus plantarum CCT 0580 3,1x1010 UFC/g e Propionibacterium acidipropionici CCT 4843 3,1 x 1010 UFC g-1; 3) Tratamento com Inoculum, composto por: Bacillus subtilis CCT 0089 3,0 x 109 UFC g-1, Lactobacillus plantarum CCT 0580 1,2 x 1010 UFC g-1 e Propionibacterium acidipropionici CCT 4843 1,5 x 1010 UFC g-1 e 4) Tratamento LB, composto apenas por Lactobacillus buchneri CCT 3746 2,6 x 1010 UFC g-1. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições para cada tratamento. Para os parâmetros avaliados diariamente, utilizou-se o esquema de parcelas subdivididas, em que os fatores das parcelas foram as silagens e o fator atribuído à subparcela, o tempo de exposição ao ar. Não houve diferença dos aditivos sobre o pH da silagem em nenhum dos dias de avaliação. A silagem controle atingiu valores de temperatura maiores indicando maior vulnerabilidade. Todos os aditivos não apresentaram instabilidade aeróbia. As silagens confeccionadas com uso dos aditivos microbianos foram eficientes em manter a estabilidade aeróbia.

ABSTRACT. This study aimed to assess different microbial additives, regarding the efficiency of aerobic stability in corn silages. The corn hybrid used for silages production was the DKB 310. The treatments consisted of: 1) control treatment without any microbial additive; 2) Treatment with LPPA composed of: Lactobacillus plantarum CCT 0580 3.1 x 1010 CFU g-1 and Propionibacterium acidipropionici CCT 4843 3.1 x 1010 CFU g-1; 3) Treatment with Inoculum, composed of Bacillus subtilis CCT 0089 3.0 x 109 CFU g-1, Lactobacillus plantarum CCT 0580 1.2 x 1010 CFU g-1 and Propionibacterium acidipropionici CCT 4843 1.5 x 1010 CFU g-1 and 4) Treatment LB, composed only of Lactobacillus buchneri CCT 3746 2.6 x 1010 CFU g-1. The experimental design was completely randomized with five replicates for each treatment. For the parameters evaluated daily, we used the split plot design, in which the different silages were assigned to the plots and the time of exposure to air was assigned to the subplots. There was no difference of additives on silage pH in any of the evaluation days. The control silage reached higher temperatures indicating greater vulnerability. All additives had no aerobic instability. Silages made with the use of microbial additives were effective in maintaining the aerobic stability.